Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs for supporting sleep, mood, and emotional regulation in both children and adults. In pediatric care, lavender has gained growing attention as a gentle, non-pharmacologic option for common concerns such as sleep difficulties, anxiety, restlessness, and emotional dysregulation—issues that affect not only children, but the entire family system. Emerging research suggests that lavender may support nervous system regulation through its effects on neurotransmitters involved in relaxation and stress response, while also offering benefits for maternal well-being during the postpartum period. This article explores the traditional use, safety considerations, and current scientific evidence for lavender in pediatric and family health, helping parents understand when and how lavender may be a supportive part of holistic care.
Lavender’s story is woven through the ages, from ancient Egypt where it graced perfumes and incense, to the indulgent herbal baths of Greeks and Romans. In fact, the name “lavender” comes from the Latin verb lavare “to bathe.” In medieval times, it became an emblem of love and desire, its fragrant waters believed to safeguard virtue. Castles and sickrooms welcomed its purifying presence, using it to ward off pests and odors with its natural disinfectant powers. In China, lavender was a prize ingredient in healing oils. Lavender’s versatility extended beyond healing to embalming, animal care, cleaning products, fragrances and cosmetics. Culinary delights and medicinal miracles intertwined in its use, from soothing headaches to settling stomachs. The essential oils were applied externally to treat wounds and it was used as an olfactory agent for its calming effects and to aid with sleep and mood disorders. Considered a cure-all by many healers, it was also used for to treat lice, coughs, arthralgia, cramps, congestion, heart disease, pharyngitis, odontalgia and hysteria.1–3
Lavenders are part of the Lamiacea family. English lavender, Lavendula angustifolia, is the most widely cultivated and researched species worldwide due to its superior volatile profile. For the sake of simplicity, the term lavender in this article will represent this species unless otherwise stated. While lavender is mainly cultivated for its essential oils, the whole plant contains many other compounds such as polyphenols, coumarins, triterpenes, sterols and tannins. Polyphenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans and stilbenes, are antioxidants that scavenge free radicals, bind metal ions (e.g., Fe2, Cu2+) and inhibit pro-oxidative enzymes. Lavender flowers contain phenolic compounds like hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids. Recent studies have identified new phenolic compounds in lavender, influenced by factors like species, geography, climate, growing conditions, and extraction methods. The unique scent of lavender primarily comes from the presence of monoterpenoids such as linalool and linalyl acetate found in the flowers and upper parts of the plant.1,4
| Phenolic compounds | Hydroxybenzoic acids: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protcatechuic acid, vanillic acid, gentisic acid, gallic acid Hydroxycinnamic acids: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, cinnamic acid, 4-)-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic Lavanduant, lavandufurandiol, lavandufluoren, lavandupyrones A and B, lavandudiphenyls A and B |
| Flavonoids | MorinIsoquercitrinVanillinApigeninLuteolin glycosidesCatechinNaringenin |
| Coumarins | HerniarinCoumarin |
Lavender is classified as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) for consumption as a food according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Despite the multitude of studies on the benefits of lavender in the postpartum period (see below), the Drugs and Lactation Database claim there is lack of data regarding its safety and effectiveness, especially for nursing mothers.5
Some sources state that lavender is contraindicated during pregnancy due to emmenagogue effects.2 However, others endorse it as a safe and gentle herb that may be taken as a tea or tincture during pregnancy, but warn against ingestion of lavender essential oil. 6
There have been some case reports of possible endocrine-disruption leading to premature thelarche and prepubertal gynecomastia and resolving after cessation of lavender essential oils and lavender-containing fragrances. Although the case reports do not definitively link lavender use to the reported issues, practitioners should acknowledge this emerging concern. In vivo studies indicate that lavender oil has estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity.7 However, a recent study published in 2022 in the International Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine showed that children who were regularly exposed to lavender essential oils experienced the same risk of endocrine disorders as those not exposed.8 It has been my experience that lavender is a safe treatment for children and the risk is likely quite small when using appropriate dosing. Considering the mixed findings, it might be prudent to restrict prolonged usage among prepubescent individuals. Certainly, providing parents with information about potential risks will empower them to make well-informed decisions regarding treatment.
Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in pediatric populations, with prevalence reports ranging from 40-86% of children and adolescents. Recognizing and managing these issues present significant challenges for pediatric and family medicine providers due to their impact on neurocognitive performance, growth, behavior and emotional regulation. The intricate interplay between sleep problems and psychiatric conditions like depression, anxiety, and ADHD necessitates a comprehensive approach that considers both the sleep disturbances and their potential impact on mental health.9–14
In recent years, there has been growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to managing pediatric sleep disorders, including the use of lavender. Exploring alternative treatments like lavender becomes crucial in this context, especially given its potential benefits in managing psychiatric conditions alongside sleep disturbances. Research in this area can offer valuable insights into effective interventions that prioritize holistic care for pediatric patients, emphasizing the need for ongoing investigation and integration of evidence-based practices into clinical management strategies. As we delve into current research on lavender’s efficacy in addressing psychiatric conditions like sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression, we aim to provide insights that can inform and enhance clinical practices for pediatric and family medicine.
Most ongoing research focuses on lavender oils over whole product plants or tinctures. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, please assume the term “lavender” to refer to lavender oils as I dive into the current literature.
Lavender aromatherapy has long been used as an anxiolytic and sedative with multiple clinical trials supporting its positive effect. Recently, research has also looked at the ingestion of lavender on clinical symptoms.15 The anxiolytic effects of lavender are mainly linked to linalool, a key component that binds to glutamate receptors in a dose-dependent manner, reducing motor activity. This mechanism is believed to induce a calming effect on the nervous system, fostering relaxation and positively influencing mood and sleep. 6 Additionally, lavender is thought to regulate glutamate receptors, inhibit calcium channels and affect serotonergic factors like SERT, thereby potentially improving depression.16,17 Its antiepileptic properties stem from increased GABA inhibitory effects and potassium current, along with decreased sodium current.16
Multiple randomized controlled studies have explored the efficacy of lavender essential oil aromatherapy as a beneficial intervention for addressing sleep disturbances in various adult populations. For instance, a meta-analysis published in 2021 by Moon Joo Cheong et al. investigated the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems, particularly insomnia. The systematic review included studies from Korean and international journals, analyzing 34 studies using a random-effects model. The meta-analysis indicated that aromatherapy inhalation significantly improved sleep problems, including insomnia, with a 95% confidence interval showing notable effects. Subgroup analyses highlighted efficacy in reducing stress, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Single aroma inhalation methods, particularly lavender, were more effective than mixed methods. The study concluded that inhalation aromatherapy is beneficial for improving sleep quality and emphasizing the need for specific guidelines to optimize its effectiveness.18
Although research in adult populations is more extensive, there is emerging literature on the effectiveness of lavender for sleep in children. One study published in 2019 assessed the impact of lavender aromatherapy massage on sleep disturbances in infants aged 6-12 months. Results showed significant improvement in sleep, especially in starting and maintaining sleep, somnolence disorders and wakefulness interruptions (p< 0.001).19 Another study published in 2008 involving very young infants found that those bathed with lavender-scented bath oil experienced notable benefits compared to those bathed without it. Mothers in the lavender bath oil group exhibited increased relaxation, more positive interactions with their infants during the bath, and lower cortisol levels. Infants in this group showed reduced crying, spent more time in deep sleep after the bath, and maintained greater eye contact with their mothers.20
A double blind randomized controlled trial published in 2022 investigated the efficacy of lavender oil inhalation on night crying duration in infants with infantile colic. Results indicated a significant reduction in night crying duration in the lavender oil group compared to the control group throughout the study period (P<0.001). Additionally, mothers in the lavender group reported improved mood scores.21
Maternal well-being is an important part of holistic care for pediatric patients. Inadequate sleep during the postpartum phase can lead to several adverse health outcomes for both mothers and infants including heightened anxiety and depression, reduced confidence in breastfeeding, and disrupted maternal-infant attachment. A systematic review published in 2023 assessed the effects of lavender on sleep quality during the postpartum period. The results indicated that sleep quality was significantly improved with use of lavender compared to the control group (SMD = -o.61; 95%CI: -1.07 to -0.15, p=0.01).22 Another study, this time evaluating the effect of lavender tea, found that participants experienced improved quality of sleep, less fatigue, depression and improved bonding with their infants compared to control groups.23
Recent research has reinforced the positive impact of lavender on maternal well-being. A randomized clinical control trial published in 2017 by the International Journal of Preventive Medicine aimed to assess the effect of lavender essential oil in the early postpartum hours. Results showed significant improvements in maternal pain (P<0.001), fatigue (P =0.02), distress (P<0.001) and mood (P <0.001) compared to the control group.24 Another study published in 2012 focused on the effects of clinical aromatherapy using a blend of rose and lavender on anxiety and depression in high-risk postpartum women 0-18 months postpartum. Analysis revealed significant improvements in the Edinburgh Postnatal depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) with aromatherapy compared to the control group, suggesting positive outcomes with minimal risk. 25 Additional studies involving lavender essential oil in the postpartum period have demonstrated enhancements in both physiological and psychological well-being, showcasing positive impacts on anxiety, depression, distress, fatigue, mood, physical discomfort, post-episiotomy pain and recovery, sleep quality, and stress levels.22,24–29
Of course there is a plethora of research supporting the use of lavender for mood support in adult populations. A systematic review and meta analysis published in 2021 focused on evaluating lavender’s efficacy in treating depression. Results indicated a significant reduction in depression scores with lavender compared to control groups (pooled Standardized Mean Difference = -0.66, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.46; P < 0.001, I2=68.3%). Subgroup analysis revealed that lavender was particularly effective in participants diagnosed with depression and those with other diseases presenting depressive symptoms, with the oral route being most effective.30 Another systematic review published in 2023 supported the use of lavender as a complementary treatment for depression. The review encompassed seven clinical trials involving 852 depressed patients, evaluating the efficacy of lavender compared to standard treatment or as an adjunct to antidepressants. The findings indicated that lavender alleviates depressive symptoms, particularly when used alongside typical antidepressants.31 Two additional meta-analysis published in 2019 and 2021 respectively further underscore lavender as superior to placebo or no treatment in reducing anxiety, depression, however did not show significant effect on physiological parameters of anxiety such as blood pressure.32,33 Additional research in special populations (postmenopausal women, cancer patients, patients treated with chemotherapy, geriatric populations, patients with burns, patients after spinal surgery, etc.) add to the evidence for lavender as a beneficial therapy for anxiety, depression, insomnia, sleep quality and pain perception. 34–42 Lavender has also shown beneficial evidence for epilepsy, migraine and Alzhiemer’s disease.16
It should be noted that there was a low average quality of available studies with a high overall risk of bias as well as a limitation regarding the heterogeneity of study designs, especially with regard to non-oral ways of administration.
While research on adult populations gives us valuable insight and helps to confirm traditional wisdom and use of botanical medicine, it is also important to recognize that children are not just small adults.
Lavender’s benefits extend beyond its impact on the central nervous system. Studies have revealed its antispasmodic effects on uterine and intestinal smooth muscles, as well as its ability to enhance performance in sports training and support circulatory health. Research backs its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties along with documented antimicrobial activity against various pathogens like Staphylococcus pyogens, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In vitro studies have even demonstrated cytotoxic properties of certain lavender compounds on different cancer cell lines such as those associated with breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, colon and ovarian cancers. This holistic profile positions lavender not just as a fragrant garden treasure but as a promising ally in healthcare, deserving continued exploration and integration into clinical practice to optimize outcomes for young patients.1,4,30,43–47
Lavender offers a gentle yet powerful support in pediatric care, proven by ancient use and modern research. Its calming effects on sleep and mood disorders, alongside its broader health benefits, make it a promising ally in holistic healing for young patients. Lavender’s benefits extend beyond children to encompass maternal well-being, a crucial component of pediatric medicine. Supporting mothers’ mental health is as vital as caring for the child, as it directly influences the family’s overall health and dynamics. Lavender’s calming effects on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality can provide a holistic approach to family wellness promoting a nurturing environment for both parents and children in pediatric care. As we embrace lavender’s soothing properties, we step into a world of practical tranquility and hopeful outcomes, paving the way for a brighter, more balanced future in pediatric medicine.
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